What Are Gums?
Gums (gingiva) are part of the oral mucosa that surrounds each tooth. Healthy gums are light pink, without swelling or bleeding.
If there is swelling, redness, bleeding, pus, or pain around the teeth, this indicates gum inflammation. There are various causes for these changes and different ways to address them.
Gum Swelling Around Teeth Due to Bacteria
When dental plaque or tartar is present, a large number of bacteria accumulate. These bacteria cause gum inflammation and swelling.
This condition is not always painful, but the gums are often red and bleed easily. Treatment involves professional dental cleaning and proper home oral hygiene.
Patients sometimes worry that tartar removal can damage teeth, but this is a misconception. Untreated tartar can lead to gum inflammation, gum recession, and eventually periodontitis.
Source: https://smartmouth.com/articles/blog/3-causes-remedies-bleeding-gums/
Gum Swelling Caused by Periodontal Pockets
Patients with periodontal disease may experience gum and bone recession, forming pockets around teeth.
If not maintained, bacteria can accumulate in these pockets, causing swelling, bleeding, severe pain, and pus. Early dental intervention, including scaling and root planing, is necessary to clean the pockets.
Gum Swelling Near the Tooth Root
Inflammation of the tooth pulp can lead to swelling of the gums in that area, sometimes visible on the face. Pain and redness often accompany this swelling.
A smaller, localized swelling called a fistula may also form. This acts as an outlet for infection from the root tip, preventing large external swelling. White discharge may be seen at the site.
Because of the high bacterial load, prompt dental treatment is essential. The dentist will determine whether the tooth can be treated to remove the infection or needs extraction. After treatment, the fistula usually closes within a few days.
Gum Swelling Due to Irritation
Irritation can occur from:
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Tooth decay or inadequate fillings
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Overextended crowns, veneers, or bridges
Swollen and bleeding gums in these areas are resolved by removing the irritation through restoration, replacing the filling, or adjusting/replacing the crown or bridge.
Gum Swelling Due to Injury
Gums may be injured while:
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Brushing teeth
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Chewing food, such as sharp bread crusts or fish bones
Swelling and minor scratches usually heal on their own in a few days. Injuries from trauma to the mouth require prompt dental assessment, as gums may bleed and bruise.
Gum Swelling from Viral Infections or Allergies
Some viral infections can cause gum swelling along with general symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and respiratory issues. Swelling may affect several or all teeth.
In allergic reactions, treatment prescribed by a doctor will also help reduce gum swelling.
Gum Swelling Due to Mouth Breathing
People with nasal breathing issues may experience gum swelling from frequent mouth breathing, mostly around the front teeth.
Resolving nasal obstruction, maintaining oral hygiene, and drinking plenty of water can help manage this swelling.
Gum Swelling During Pregnancy
Hormonal changes during pregnancy may cause gums to enlarge, sometimes significantly. Bleeding can occur even with slight pressure.
Dental cleaning can reduce swelling and bleeding. Meals should be taken in three to four portions daily, avoiding constant snacking. After childbirth and hormonal stabilization, gums usually return to their previous condition.
Conclusion
Gums are sensitive, prone to swelling, bleeding, or pain, but they regenerate well. Once the cause is removed, gums quickly regain their normal appearance.
Swollen gums should be taken seriously, as untreated inflammation can progress to chronic periodontitis. Once gum recession occurs, the tissue cannot fully return to its original state.
