Gum recession refers to the movement of the gum tissue away from the tooth, exposing its root. It can affect one or multiple teeth, depending on the cause.
The underlying process is the same regardless of the trigger: the jawbone begins to shrink (resorb), and the gum follows. This leads to parts of the tooth becoming exposed and sensitive.
The most common causes of gum recession
- Tartar (calculus) – Hardened plaque pushes the gums away and causes inflammation.
- Periodontal disease – An infection of the supporting structures of the teeth that, if untreated, leads to progressive gum and bone loss.
- Bruxism (teeth grinding) – Excessive pressure during sleep damages the gum tissue.
- Misaligned teeth – Poorly positioned teeth experience excessive forces, which causes the gums to recede around them.
- Tooth loss – When a tooth is missing, adjacent teeth tilt into the space, which may cause the gums to recede.
- Poor dental restorations – Improperly placed fillings or crowns can irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and recession.
- Incorrect brushing technique – Brushing too hard, using a hard-bristled brush, or brushing with horizontal strokes damages the gum attachment.
- Tight frenulum or gum attachments – A lip frenulum that’s too close to the teeth can pull on the gums, causing recession or even tooth gaps.
- Oral piercings – Constant irritation from jewellery damages the gum tissue over time.
How to prevent or stop gum recession
- Regular dental cleanings
Visit your dentist every 6 months for a professional cleaning to remove tartar and prevent gum disease. - Night-guard
A custom mouthguard worn during sleep prevents teeth grinding and protects the gums from pressure and trauma. - Orthodontic treatment
If gum recession is caused by misaligned teeth, correcting their position with braces or aligners can stop further gum loss. - Replacing faulty restorations
Removing or adjusting poorly placed fillings or crowns helps eliminate gum irritation and promotes healing. - Frenectomy (surgical removal of the frenulum)
If the frenulum pulls on the gums or causes tooth spacing, removing it can stop gum recession and may even close the gap between the teeth. - Proper brushing technique
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle, circular motions when brushing to avoid damaging the gums.
Gum recession and aging
Gum recession is also a natural part of aging. However, with proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, the process can be slowed down, helping your teeth last longer.
