Maintaining oral hygiene is an important part of overall health. In people with diabetes, teeth and gums are more susceptible to disease than in those without it. Accordingly, if you have diabetes, oral health care becomes even more essential. This doesn’t mean you need to completely change your lifestyle and routine—it simply means you should be aware of potential complications and know how to respond when they arise.
What can happen if you have diabetes?
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Reduced saliva production, dry mouth, or burning sensation in the mouth
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Increased risk of tooth decay due to a lack of saliva and its protective function
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Gum inflammation and frequent bleeding
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Slow healing of wounds in the mouth
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Occurrence of infections in the mouth
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Altered sense of taste
- In children with diabetes, teeth may erupt earlier
How to take care of your oral health?
Maintain good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, and use dental floss or interdental brushes for additional cleaning. If you wear dentures, make sure to clean them daily as well.
Drink enough fluids each day. Due to the nature of the disease and the medications commonly used by diabetic patients, saliva production is often reduced. By frequently sipping small amounts of water throughout the day, you can help replace saliva’s role in neutralizing acids and rinsing food debris. Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate the salivary glands and encourage saliva production.
Pay attention to signs of oral fungal infections. People with diabetes are more prone to oral candidiasis—a fungal infection caused by elevated sugar levels in the saliva and a weakened immune system. Symptoms include white patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, burning, redness, and pain. If you notice any of these signs, be sure to consult your dentist or primary care physician to receive appropriate treatment and prevent further complications.
Visit your dentist regularly. Your dentist should be informed about your condition and the therapy you are on. If your blood sugar levels are under control, any necessary dental procedures can be safely performed. The best time for treatment is in the morning, after taking your medication and having a meal. In the case of tooth extractions or surgical procedures, expect slightly slower wound healing. If you notice bleeding or swollen gums, consult your dentist. They will assess whether a referral to a periodontist (a gum specialist) is necessary. Treating gum inflammation early can prevent tooth mobility or loss due to periodontal disease.
Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly. Stick to your prescribed therapy and strive to maintain a healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking contribute to overall well-being. This way, your body will be better equipped to fight bacteria in the mouth and to boost saliva production.
